Objective
The primary
objective in folkstyle wrestling is to gain control of your opponent
and to ultimately pin your opponent. A pin occurs the instant when
both of your opponents shoulders touch the mat.
Match Basics
Wrestling
matches consist of three periods. Periods can vary in length from
one minute in duration for younger age groups, to as long as three
minutes for college wrestling. Either wrestler can win the match
at any time if they are able to pin their opponent or develop a
lead of more than 15 points. Otherwise, the wrestler that can accumulate
the most points by the end of the third period (or after overtime
in the case of a tie) wins the match.
There are only two
positions from which referees start, or continue a match. The first
is neutral position, with both wrestlers standing and facing each
other. The other is the referee's position, where one wrestler starts
on his hands and knees down on the mat, and the other starts on
top, behind and in control. The first period always begins in the
neutral position. Each wrestler has their choice in one of the remaining
periods, to choose to start from top or bottom referee's position,
or in the neutral position. If the action must be stopped before
the end of a period, the referee restarts the wrestlers in the starting
position that best reflects the position the wrestlers were in when
the action was stopped.
Scoring
The scoring
system is rather simple. Pins occur when one wrestler causes the
other wrestlers shoulder blades to touch the mat at the same
time. When a pin occurs, the match is over. Takedowns (when from
a neutral position one wrestler is able to bring the other to the
mat and gain control) are worth two points. Escapes (when the bottom
wrestler is able to break free from the top wrestler and revert
back to a neutral position) are worth one point. Reversals, (when
a wrestler on the bottom is able to reverse the control so that
the opponent is on the bottom) are worth two points.
Back points (also
called near fall) are awarded when one wrestler comes close to pinning
the other (i.e. exposing the other wrestler's back) and are worth
two or three points depending on the length of time that the opponent's
back is exposed. In addition, penalty points can be awarded when
the opposing wrestler performs illegal moves or is penalized for
excessive stalling.
Competition is conducted
in a manner as to promote and require good sportsmanship. Competitors
are expected to show respect to opponents, officials and coaches
regardless of the outcome of their match. Both wrestlers are required
to shake hands before and after the match. It is also common practice
for each wrestler to shake the hand of their opponent's coach after
the match.
Officials
Officiating
is more objective than subjective in that it does not require judging,
as with sports such as gymnastics or figure skating. However, situations
can and do occur that are subject to interpretation. Those situations
most often involve out of bounds calls, determination of when/if
control is sufficient to award points, and determination of when/if
stalling or penalties apply.
Equipment
Basic wrestling
equipment includes a headgear, wrestling shoes, and a singlet. Wrestling
shoes offer more ankle support than the traditional shoe and are
designed lightweight and tight to the foot to promote freedom of
movement. Headgear can prevent outer ear injuries and bruises during
practice and competition. The standard wrestling uniform, known
as a singlet, is designed to fit snug to the body so that it does
not restrict the movement of either wrestler. Kneepads are sometimes
worn by choice.
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